Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cytotoxic and Antimelanoma Activity of Selected 3-Methyl-1,6-diazaphenothiazines in Human Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Studies

doi: 10.3390/cimb48050490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of derivatives 2 – 6 on the viability of melanoma cells. The A375, C32, G361, and SK-MEL-28 cell lines were incubated with the compounds at concentrations of 10–100 µM for 72 h prior to the WST-1 assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 relative to the control (the control value was set to 100%).

Article Snippet: A375, G361, SK MEL-28 and C32 melanoma cell lines were obtained from ATCC (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, WST-1 Assay, Control

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cytotoxic and Antimelanoma Activity of Selected 3-Methyl-1,6-diazaphenothiazines in Human Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Studies

doi: 10.3390/cimb48050490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of the derivative 6 on the population dynamics of C32 melanoma cells. ( a ) The results from the cell count assay after the treatment with the compound at concentrations of 50 or 100 µM for 72 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments; ** p < 0.01 relative to the control. ( b ) Representative micrographs illustrating the C32 cells after the treatment. Images were acquired using a phase-contrast microscope at 10× magnification, scale bar = 200 µm.

Article Snippet: A375, G361, SK MEL-28 and C32 melanoma cell lines were obtained from ATCC (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Cell Characterization, Control, Microscopy

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cytotoxic and Antimelanoma Activity of Selected 3-Methyl-1,6-diazaphenothiazines in Human Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Studies

doi: 10.3390/cimb48050490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of derivative 6 on intracellular reduced thiols levels ( a , b ) and mitochondrial potential ( c , d ) in C32 melanoma cells. Cells were incubated with the compound at concentrations of 50 or 100 µM for 72 h prior to cytometric analysis. ( a , c ) Bar graphs presenting data as mean ± SD from three independent experiments, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 relative to the control. ( b ) Representative histograms, where M1 corresponds to the percentage of cells with low levels of reduced thiols. The arrows on the x-axis in ( b ) indicate the gating thresholds used by the NucleoView software to distinguish between different levels of DNA fragmentation. ( d ) Representative scatter plots, where Q1lr corresponds to the percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondria, and Q1ur corresponds to the percentage of cells with polarized mitochondria. On the scatterplot, the colors represent the value intensity from low to high. Blue indicates the lowest values, while red represents the highest values.

Article Snippet: A375, G361, SK MEL-28 and C32 melanoma cell lines were obtained from ATCC (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Control, Software

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cytotoxic and Antimelanoma Activity of Selected 3-Methyl-1,6-diazaphenothiazines in Human Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Studies

doi: 10.3390/cimb48050490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of DNA fragmentation in C32 cells treated with compound 6 . Cells were incubated with the compound at concentrations of 50 or 100 µM for 72 h prior to cytometric analysis. ( a ) Bar graphs presenting data as mean ± SD from three independent experiments, ** p < 0.01 relative to the control. ( b ) Representative histograms, where M1 corresponds to the percentage of cells with fragmented DNA.

Article Snippet: A375, G361, SK MEL-28 and C32 melanoma cell lines were obtained from ATCC (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Control

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cytotoxic and Antimelanoma Activity of Selected 3-Methyl-1,6-diazaphenothiazines in Human Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Studies

doi: 10.3390/cimb48050490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of γ-H2AX levels in control C32 melanoma cells and cells treated with the 6 derivative for 72 h. The figure presents merged confocal images (green—immunolabeled γ-H2AX; red—actin filaments) as well as the separate channels. Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: A375, G361, SK MEL-28 and C32 melanoma cell lines were obtained from ATCC (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Comparison, Control, Immunolabeling

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Electro‐Stimulated Graphene‐Polymer Nanocomposites Enable Wearable Patches With Feedback‐Controlled Drug Release

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202505894

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of e‐Medi‐Patch setup with plausible (a) mechanism of drug release; (b) Incubation of Medi‐patch (attached to sterilized tape) with cells for in‐vitro experiments (c) Bright field images of C32 cells after 48 h with free NIC and different formulations of medi‐patch exhibiting change in cellular morphology and growth density after 48 h treatment confirming slow and successful release of NIC over time. (d) C32 cells and (e) GR‐PCL incubated C32 cells showed negligible cell death [Hoechst33342 (blue) stains all cells, Calcein AM (green) stains live cells, Propidium iodide (red) stains dead cells] confirming insignificant effect of only GR‐PCL medi‐patch in absence of NIC (f) The % cell viability of C32 population with treatment groups post 48 and 72 h of incubation showed comparable efficiency of NIC, either released from the composites or as a free drug.

Article Snippet: Human melanoma cell line C32 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Incubation, In Vitro

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Electro‐Stimulated Graphene‐Polymer Nanocomposites Enable Wearable Patches With Feedback‐Controlled Drug Release

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202505894

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative Flow Cytometry analysis of cells incubated with Medi‐patch (CD44‐PE have been used as markers) for studying (a) control non‐cancerous b.End3 cells with negligible CD44(+) cell population; (b) C32 control population (c) GR‐PCL increases CD44 expression in C32 (d) loss of stemness property (CD44) in a significant C32 population (∼11%) treated with NIC‐GR‐PCL where effect of release NIC from e‐Medi‐Patch is confirmatory (e) Mechanistic roles of NIC in inhibiting the stem cell phenotype, survival, proliferation, migration in cancer cells (f) In MFI (mean fluorescent intensities) measurements b.End3 cells showed negligible CD44 expression without treatment which increases with GR‐PCL and decreases with NIC‐GR‐PCL medi‐patch (g) C32 showed gradual decrease in CD44 expression with NIC‐medi‐patch confirming efficacy of NIC‐GR‐PCL medi‐patch.

Article Snippet: Human melanoma cell line C32 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Control, Expressing, Migration

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Electro‐Stimulated Graphene‐Polymer Nanocomposites Enable Wearable Patches With Feedback‐Controlled Drug Release

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202505894

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo use of e‐Medi‐Patch to evaluate the efficiency in xenograft melanoma nude mouse model. (a) Timeline of experimental procedure with schematic of ‐mouse model. (b) Variation in tumor volume from the group of animals without and with treatment of e‐Medi‐Patch. A representative animal (c) during and (d) after, application of e‐Medi Patch treatment. Change in the impedance values (ΔZ) of the e‐Medi‐Patch after 3 min of treatment on the (e) left side tumor (f) right side tumor. Control indicates animals (N = 2) not treated with e‐Medi‐Patch. Treated (no drug) indicate animals (N = 2) treated with e‐Patch without drug (niclosamide). Treated (drug) indicates animals (N = 3) treated with e‐Medi‐Patch with drug (niclosamide)‐. p value of < 0.05 has been represented as * and > 0.05 as ns. (g) Representative H&E‐stained sections of tissues collected from control animals and (h) e‐Medi‐Patch treated groups. Tissues were collected from C32 cell xenograft tumor, kidney, heart, spleen, liver and lungs. Arrow heads represent loss of tissue integrity in e‐Medi‐Patch treated niclosamide. (Scale: 2 µm).

Article Snippet: Human melanoma cell line C32 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: In Vivo, Control, Staining